{"id":26362,"date":"2025-12-22T07:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T12:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/blog\/?p=26362"},"modified":"2026-05-13T10:20:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T15:20:22","slug":"throughput-vs-bandwidth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/blog\/throughput-vs-bandwidth\/","title":{"rendered":"Throughput vs Bandwidth: What IT Pros Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26362\" class=\"elementor elementor-26362\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d033e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d033e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3a94f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3a94f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s a lot of terminology to keep track of in the world of network security. Two that get thrown around quite often include throughput and bandwidth. Looking at what bandwidth stands for, this focuses on the maximum data a network could handle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whereas with throughput, this is what actually gets delivered when it comes to real-world conditions. Reviewing this topic from a throughput vs bandwidth standpoint can help avoid confusion and help IT teams better <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/blog\/firewall-tech-specs\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">understand the datasheets<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> behind firewall hardware.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, these aren\u2019t the only factors important to network firewall security, but they\u2019re a source of common confusion for many. This article focuses on the highlights in throughput vs bandwidth, offering a clear comparison to help avoid any mix-up in terminology and application.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2385123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Making Sense of Throughput and Bandwidth in Network Security\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1335077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1335077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A short way to put it is that bandwidth defines potential, and throughput reflects the reality. From another standpoint, it\u2019s important to understand that high bandwidth does not equate to high throughput. For example, networks with large bandwidth can still run into bottlenecks if throughput ends up limited by tasks, such as intrusion prevention.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the context of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/blog\/network-security-architecture\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">overall network performance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, throughput has an effect on things like reliability, speed, and many aspects of the user experience. For teams in the IT space, it\u2019s crucial to understand what makes each of these unique and how they correlate for several reasons.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To name a few, this understanding plays into identifying network gaps, understanding peak traffic timeframes, as well as making sure firewall solutions meet security demands. While the terms might get mixed up from time to time, both are relatively easy to understand once you break them down.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8560ec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8560ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Throughput in Network Firewall Security?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb19e70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb19e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to measure network efficiency, then you want to focus on throughput capability. To explain in a bit more detail, throughput is a reflection of how efficiently a firewall handles data while enforcing security measures.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are a few key elements of throughput that are important to highlight:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounts for the impact of firewall tasks like intrusion prevention, traffic inspection, encryption, and more<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring throughput helps guide operational decisions for congestion, scalability, and even choosing your next firewall<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shows how efficiently a network or firewall device utilizes its available capacity<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different workloads and traffic types can significantly influence throughput, such as deep packet inspection and the use of VPNs<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thankfully, there\u2019s plenty of clarity in throughput capability when you dive into the datasheets, but IT teams need to understand more than just the numbers. This is especially true if you\u2019re talking about throughput versus bandwidth to understand exactly how they work and what they\u2019re for.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c4eebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c4eebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Bandwidth in Firewall Hardware?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b836f22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b836f22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With bandwidth, the focus is on maximum theoretical capacity here. It acts as an imaginary ceiling for network performance capabilities, and it\u2019s helpful to understand the real-world limitations with it.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below, you can find an insightful breakdown of bandwidth from several angles:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bandwidth sets the upper limit for network performance, but doesn\u2019t account for real-world factors like security processing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reflects the ideal capacity rather than actual data flow<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps IT teams estimate peak loads, allocate network resources effectively, and plan network expansion<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doesn\u2019t vary based on workload or inspection processes; it remains a static measure<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both throughput and bandwidth are important considerations when looking into your <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/blog\/firewalls-and-network-security\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">next firewall<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Having a core understanding of both of these terms, not only what they are, but how they differ from each other, is crucial for IT teams.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31542c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31542c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Clear Comparison of Throughput vs Bandwidth\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a42f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3a42f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing the use cases, how, and whys behind throughput vs bandwidth will act as a helpful measure when you\u2019re looking at these in the datasheets for hardware. Check out the table below for a comprehensive take on throughput and bandwidth, and what makes them unique.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e131805 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"e131805\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-114\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-114\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Aspect<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Throughput<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Bandwidth<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Definition<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Focuses on the actual data transmitted under real-world conditions<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">The max potential data a network can handle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Influencing Factors<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Firewall tasks, traffic types, and security processing<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Static and unaffected by workloads or security features<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Purpose for IT Teams<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guides decisions on congestion, scaling, and overall efficiency<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Helps with planning capacity, resource allocation, and scalability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Impact on Network Performance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Affects real-world speed, reliability, and user experience<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">An indicator for potential performance; not the actual results<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Measurement<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Data flow in bps, Mbps, and Gbps with a focus on real conditions<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Max data rate in bps, Mbps, and Gbps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-114 from cache --><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0f6ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e0f6ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50fd8d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50fd8d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s plenty to sort through when you\u2019re navigating choices in various firewall solutions. Sure, throughput and bandwidth are only two factors to consider, but getting them mixed up will only make the decision-making harder than it needs to be.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49fd505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49fd505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Final Word\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b316bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b316bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the key distinctions in throughput vs bandwidth is a must for IT teams hoping to find the right firewall hardware and correctly interpret the datasheet information. Remember that both of these terms are important to provide a complete picture of network performance and capability.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Considering the practical impact, both help IT teams identify bottlenecks, plan for scaling, and choose the right firewall solutions. As always, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.firewalls.com\/contact\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Firewalls.com team is here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for added guidance on finding the right solutions to your network security demands. From hardware, software, professional services, and industry expertise, we\u2019re here to support your business and IT teams in making the right decisions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1005519 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1005519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"tel:3172254117\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Call Now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bd6e00 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9bd6e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67cda2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67cda2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcad162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bcad162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Do Throughput and Bandwidth Matter?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-147c557 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"147c557\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They help teams in the IT space read firewall specs accurately, as well as support in choosing hardware that aligns with their network performance needs.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e13153 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e13153\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Does Throughput Affect Performance?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc48ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc48ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It shows how much data actually passes through after security processes, impacting things like speed and reliability.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84b6234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84b6234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why Isn\u2019t High Bandwidth Always Enough?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fbdd50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fbdd50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aspects like security tasks and congestion can limit real data flow by lowering throughput.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b17bba3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b17bba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Does Bandwidth Support Network Planning?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31092df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31092df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps IT teams gauge capacity, manage traffic loads, and plan for future growth.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f70c777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f70c777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Which is More Important, Throughput or Bandwidth?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e90c25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e90c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both of these focal points matter in network security, as bandwidth shows the potential, and throughput is all about the real-world results.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dive into this comparison of throughput vs bandwidth to learn about their core differences and how they apply to firewall security solutions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":26817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[286],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurity"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Throughput vs Bandwidth: Everything You Need to Know - Firewalls.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dive into this comparison of throughput vs bandwidth to learn about their core differences and how they apply to firewall security solutions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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